Different types of poems；reading，writing and listening to poetry
[來源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)]
[來源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)]
詞[來源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK]
匯
transform[來源:學(xué)§科§網(wǎng)]
v.轉(zhuǎn)化；轉(zhuǎn)換；改造；變換
sorrow
n.悲傷；懊悔；悲痛[來源:Z#xx#k.Com]
exchange
n.& v．交換；交流；調(diào)換
librarian
n.圖書館長；圖書管理員
sponsor
v.& n. 發(fā)起(人)；主辦(者)；倡議(者)
section
n.部分；切下的塊；節(jié)
concrete
adj.具體的
diploma
n.畢業(yè)文憑；學(xué)位證書
flexible
adj. 靈活的；可彎曲的
blank
n.& adj.空白；空白的；茫然的
appropriate
adj.適當(dāng)?shù)�；正�?dāng)?shù)?br>
compass
n.指南針；羅盤
eventually
adv. 最后；終于
bride
n.新娘
tick
v.給……標(biāo)記號
bridegroom
n.新郎
convey
v.傳達(dá)；運送
championship
n. 冠軍稱號
tease
v.取笑；招惹；戲弄
darkness
n.黑暗；漆黑
rhyme
n.& v．韻；(使)押韻
warmth
n.暖和；溫暖
nursery
n. 托兒所
scholarship
n.獎學(xué)金；學(xué)問；學(xué)術(shù)成就
diamond
n.鉆石；菱形
pianist
n. 鋼琴家；鋼琴演奏者
pattern
n.模式；式樣；圖案
violinist
n.小提琴演奏者
cottage
n. 村舍；小屋
load
n. 負(fù)擔(dān)；負(fù)荷物
sparrow
n. 麻雀
contradictory
adj.引起矛盾的；好反駁的
minimum
n.最低限度；最少量；最小數(shù)
salty
adj.含鹽的；咸的
translation
n.翻譯；譯文
endless
adj.無窮的；無止境的
branch
n. 枝條；支流；部門
forever
adv.永遠(yuǎn)
詞
匯
take it easy輕松；不緊張；從容
be popular with很受歡迎
run out of 用完
translate...into...把……翻譯成……
be made up of由……構(gòu)成
stay/sit up 熬夜
try out測試；試驗
(sb./sth.)be likely to do sth.有可能……
let out發(fā)出；放走
look forward to盼望
in particular尤其；特別
by chance/accident 碰巧
句
型
1.List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which_give_both_a_pattern_and_a_rhythm_to_the_poem.(the attributive clause)
2.We would_have_won if Jack had_scored that goal.(the subjunctive mood)
3.Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain，a poem made_up_of_five_lines.(past participle as the attributive)
4.When I was a baby，my mother used_to read me nursery rhymes.(used to do sth.)
5.With_so_many_different_forms_of_poetry_to_choo se_from，students may eventually want to write poems of their own.(with＋object＋objective complement)
功
能
語
法
虛擬語氣(Subjunctive Mood)(2)
If Rob hadn't injured himself，we would have won.
If she had studied harder，she would have got the diploma.
教
學(xué)
重
點
1.Get students to know about different types of poems，some poetic devices like rhythm，rhyme，repetition，sound patterns and imagery.
2．Have students learn some useful new words and expressions about poetry and let them learn effective ways to master them.
3．Enable students to grasp and use the expressions of intention and plans.
4．Let students learn the new grammar item：the subjunctive mood(2)．
5．Develop students' listening，speaking，reading and writing ability.
教學(xué)
難點
1.Enable students to master the use of the subjunctive mood.
2．Let students learn to create their own poems.
3．Develop students' integrative skills.
課
時
安
排
Periods needed：6
Period 1 Warming Up，Pre－reading，Reading and Comprehending
Period 2 Language Study
Period 3 Grammar?the Subjunctive Mood(2)
Period 4 Listening and Speaking
Period 5 Reading and Writing
Period 6 Summing Up，Learning Tip and Assessment
Period 1 Warming Up，Pre－reading，
Reading and Comprehe nding
整體設(shè)計
教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析
This is the first teaching period of this unit.The central part of this period is the reading passage with the name of A Few Simple Forms of English Poems showing the students a few kinds of simple English poems.
Warming Up gives three questions for students to discuss so that they can recall any poems they have ever learned and think about different reasons why people write poems.
Pre－reading provides one question for students to think about and a table for students to fill in so as to help students focus on the topic of the reading passage and lead the students to skim the poems on the following pages and know about the general idea of the text.
Reading mainly explains the reasons why people write poetry and introduces five simple forms of English poems.Nursery rhymes are the first poems that children will hear.These poems may not make any sense but they are easy to learn and recite.It is a good way for children to learn about language.List poems often list things，usually having many lines.They have repetition in them and sometimes they have words that rhyme.Cinquains are all made up of five lines and have the fixed structure.Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that is made up of 17 syllables.It is almost like a photo or painting as it creates a strong image using very few words.Tang poems are famous poems from Ancient China.They have strong imagery and are often about the bringing together of opposites.
Comprehending consists of three groups of exercises for the students to do so as to help the students to get a better understanding of the text，that is to say，to help the teacher to check how much the students have understood the text.
三維目標(biāo)設(shè)計
Knowledge and skills
1．To know the meanings of the following new words and phrases：
tick(給……標(biāo)記號)，rhyme(韻；押韻)，convey(傳達(dá)；運送)，nursery(托兒所)，concrete(具體的)，contradictory(引起矛盾的；好反駁的)，diamond(鉆石；菱形)，flexible(靈活的；可彎曲的)，pattern(模式；式樣；圖案)，cottage(村舍；小屋)，sparrow(麻雀)，take it easy(輕松；不緊張；從容)，run out of(用完)，be made up of(由……構(gòu)成)，tease(取笑；招惹；戲弄)，salty(含鹽的；咸的)，endless(無窮的；無止境的)，minimum(最低限度；最少量)，translation(翻譯；譯文)，branch(枝條；支流；部門)，in particular(尤其；特別)
2．To learn about some simple forms of English poems.
3．To develop the students' reading ability by skimming and scanning the passage.
4．To develop the students' speaking ability by talking about some features of some simple forms of English poems.
Process and methods
1．While doing Warming Up the teacher can ask the students to think back and try to remember poems from both their early childhood and more recent years.Ask students to complete Exercise 1 in groups.Ask them what they notice about these poems，then get students to recite any poems or parts of poems they can remember so as to arouse their interest in studying the whole unit.
2．During Pre－reading the teacher can go around the classroom and discuss the questions with several students.This discussion should be student－centered and arouse students' interest in English poetry.The teacher should also ask the students to skim the text so as to let them have a general knowledge of some simple forms of English poems.
3．While doing Reading and Comprehending，the teacher may first have the students close their books and listen to the text with their eyes closed.This gives the students the opportunity to listen to the sounds or “music” of the poems before reading them in more detail.Then ask the students to read the text quickly to get the general idea of the passage.After detailed readi ng of the passage，students are encouraged to answer some questions and discuss the features of each kind of the poems.
4．To consolidate the contents of the reading passage，the students should be required to retell the five kinds of poems in their own words at the end of the class.
Emotion，attitude and value
1．To cultivate students' appreciation of poetry and the ability of understanding，enjoying and writing poems.
2．To develop students' sense of cooperative learning.
教學(xué)重、難點
1．To enable the students to learn about some simple forms of English poetry and to develop their reading ability.
2．To enable the students to write their own poems.
教學(xué)過程
?Step 1 Warming up
1．Vocabulary i n Reading
Match the words and phrases with their proper meanings.
1．convey ( )A.sameness of sound between words or syllables，esp.in the end of lines
2．cottage ( )B.a strong feeling such as love，fear or anger
3．tease ( )C.make fun of somebody in an unkind way
4．rhyme ( )D.a place where young children are cared for
5．translate ( )E.make(ideas，feelings，etc.)known to another person
6．endless ( )F.use up
7．nursery ( )G.small simple house，esp.in the country
8．emotion ( )H.relax
9．take it easy ( )I.express sth.in a different language
2．Warming up by asking students to complete Exercise 1 in groups.Get the students to recite the little poems and songs they can remember.Ask them what they notice about these poems.For example，perhaps they have a strong beat，or they rhyme，or they play with words and sounds，or perhaps some of them are funny because they make no sense.
3．Warming up by doing Exercise 2 with students.Then get them into groups as this might prompt their memories.Get the students to recite any poems or parts of poems they can remember.(If the stu dents can't recite any poems or parts of poems，prepare a couple of poems that they would know，in Chinese or English.)
4．Tell students that there are many reasons why people write poetry.Give the examples in Exercise 3.Ask students the reasons they think the poets wrote the poems they have just recited.Write their suggestions on the blackboard.
2．Ask students to do Exercise 1 in groups.Get them to tell the class their favourite poems and the reasons.This might be something they find hard to articulate as the poem might just give them a special feeling that's hard to talk about.Or they might say things like：It makes me feel sad.I like the sounds in it.I like its language，it's funny，and my mother used to recite it to me...
3．The purpose of Exercise 2 is to practice an important reading skill：scanning a text，that is，looking through a text quickly to find specific information.
Suggested answers：
Which poem
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
describes a person？
√
tells a story？
√
describes an aspect of a season？
√
√
√
is about sport？
√
is about things that don't make sense？
√
is recited to a baby？
√
describes a river scene？
√
has rhyming words at the end of lines？
√
√
repeats words or phrases？
√
√
√
?Step 3 Reading and comprehending
1．Fast－reading：Read the reading passage quickly，try to get its general idea and answer the following questions.
(1)A brief introduction of a few simple forms of English poems.
(2)Five.D is not mentioned.
2．Detailed－reading：Read the text thoroughly and do the following exercises.(You may do some searching reading when necessary.)
(1)Give out the names of the forms of poems according to the descriptions.
①______ are the first poems that children will hear.They are often sung.Children love to move and dance to them because they have strong regular rhythms.They enjoy the rhymes and the way they play with sounds.
②______ is made up of five lines and has the following structure：
Line 1：a noun that names the subject of the poem
Line 2：two adjectives that describe the subject
Line 3：three verbs ending with－ing that describe the subject's actions
Line 4：four words that give the writer's opinions or feelings about the subject
Line 5：a word that gives another name for the subject
③______ is a centuries－old form of Japanese poetry.It is made up of 17 syllables and has the following structure：
Line 1：5 syllables
Line 2：7 syllables
Line 3：5 syllables
④______ are a list of things.They can have as many lines as the writer likes.Sometimes they have repetition in them and sometimes they have words that rhyme.When a list poem has rhyming words，it also has a regular rhythm.
⑤When translated into English，______ have a free form(that is，without a regular rhythm)and do not rhyme.They have strong imagery and are often about the bringing together of opposites.
(2)Find the strong rhythm and rhyme in Poem A.
e．g.In the first two lines，there are word_&_mockingbird. So in the following lines，there are ______；______；______；______.
(3)What's the difference between Poems B and C though they are both list poems?
Deal with language problems if any(words or sentences students might not understand)to help the students to have a better understanding of the text.
?Step 5 Listening，reading aloud and underlining
Ask students to read the passage aloud to the tape and let them pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence.Tell them to pick out all the useful expressions or collocations from the passage while reading and copy them to the notebook after class as homework.
Collocations：make sense，give...a strong impression，on fire，take it easy，run out of，make up of，be translated into，day by day，in particular.
?Step 6 Structure analyzing
After reading，ask students to discuss the text structure.
Keys for reference：
This passage is an introduction of some of the simple forms of English poems.The first paragraph introduces the topic and the theme of the text，explaining the purpose of poetry writing，that is，to give readers a strong impression or to convey certain emotions.From the second paragraph，the text analyses the dif ferent kinds of poems and gives examples for reference.The last paragraph encourages students to have a try and write poems of their own.
?Step 7 Retelling
Ask students to talk about the different kinds of poems in their own words.Give them some key words and expressions on the blackboard.Then let them try to retell the passage.
?Step 8 Homework
1．Learn the useful new words and expressions in this period by heart.
2．Try to find some selections of poems and appreciate their beauty and eventually try to write some poems of your own.
Reading poetry brings people from different places and different times together.More than any other form of literature，poetry plays with sounds，words and grammar.That makes poetry difficult to write，but very interesting to read.Poetry also calls up all the colors，feelings，experiences and curious images of a dream world.
Though it has a short history，there is a lot of good English poetry around.The seventeenth century was a great time for English poetry.Shakespeare is most famous for his plays.His sonnets，however，belong to the best English poetry.In the next generation of the English poets we meet John Donne.Chinese readers admire his works because of his use of surprising images that reminds them of the works of poets such as Su Dongpo.
Before the end of the century，there was another famous writer，John Milton.Once published，his works became famous for the absence rhyme at the end of each line.In the eighteenth century it was Alexander Pope who wrote the finest poetry in England.
The next period that produced a great number of fine poets was the nineteenth century.Greatly loved in China are the English Romantic poets.John Keats died at a very young age in 1821，while William Wordsworth，who spent much of his time in his English Lake District，lived to the a ge of the 80 and died in 1850.The nature poems by William Wordsworth，George Gordon Byron's Isles of Greece and the sonnets and long poems by John Keats have long been favorites.The style in their poems has often led to comparisons with p oets such as Du Fu and Li Bai.
Finally，modern poets have their special attraction because they stand closest to us both in the language and images they use.Among them we find the American poet Robert Frost.
More and more people are interested to read modern poetry in English.Translation can be good，but being able to read English gives you much choice.Besides，no matter how well a poet is translated，something of the spirit of the original work is lost.Reading poetry in English also opens the door to finding new ways of expressing yourself in Chinese.
Ⅱ.What is free verse?
Free verse is a modern form of poetry which does not follow any specific rhyme or metrical scheme，although it does not completely abandon the basic poetic precepts of heightened language and songs.Free verse poetry is said to have been popularized by such notable poets as Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson during the late 19th century，although earlier poets like the mystic William Blake were beginning to pull away from the restrictions of the formal poetry of their day.Whitman's signature collection，Leaves of Grass，is almost entirely composed of free verse poetry.Dickinson，however，still wrote much of her poetry according to the metrics and rhyme of a favored hymn composer.
The free verse style of poetry soon became popular with rebellious young poets such as the Frenchman Artur Rimbaud(阿圖爾?蘭波)，who wrote many of his best free verse poems before the age of 18.Other poets embraced free verse poetry as a way to express raw emotions or unbridled passion not generally found in the formal poetry of their time.Whitman himself referred to this artistic awakening as the great YAWP，a call for all artists to break free of social conventions and live life to its fullest.
Free verse poetry continued to evolve throughout the 20th century，beginning with poets such as Carl Sandburg(卡爾?桑博格)and Robert Frost(羅伯特?弗羅斯特)，both of whom were equally comfortable with formal and free verse poetry.Perhaps the most admired free verse poet was the expatriate Ezra Pound，who became a mentor to many of the 20th century's most famous authors and poets.
