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【語(yǔ)法】專門替中國(guó)人寫的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

編輯: 路逍遙 關(guān)鍵詞: 英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方法 來(lái)源: 逍遙右腦記憶


 第一章 英文文法的最基本規(guī)則

英文和我們中文最大的不同,是在動(dòng)詞,我們中文的動(dòng)詞很簡(jiǎn)單,沒(méi)有所謂的第幾人稱,也沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)和單數(shù)之分,更沒(méi)有過(guò)去式或進(jìn)行式,英文可不同了,凡是用動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候,必須注意很多很多的規(guī)則,一旦弄錯(cuò)了,常常是犯了大錯(cuò)。
在這一章,我要將英文最基本的規(guī)則一一列下。這些規(guī)則都是我們中國(guó)人所常常不注意的。

規(guī)則(1):兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞是不能聯(lián)在一起用的。

在中文,我們常說(shuō)“我是愛(ài)你的”,翻成英文,這就變成了
* I am love you.
滑稽的是,這句英文句子犯了大忌,因?yàn)楱攁m〞是動(dòng)詞,〝love〞也是動(dòng)詞,兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞是不能聯(lián)在一起用的。這句話的正確說(shuō)法是:
I love you. 或者  I am in love with you.
我們中國(guó)人也會(huì)說(shuō)〝我喜歡看電視〞,翻成英文,這變成
* I love watch television.
這個(gè)句子也犯了同樣的錯(cuò)。
以下幾個(gè)句子都是錯(cuò)的,因?yàn)檫@些句子中都有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞連在一起的情形:
*      I hate eat fish.
*      I love play basketball.
*      I love swim.
如果你一定要講“我愛(ài)游泳”,怎么辦呢?請(qǐng)看以下的規(guī)則。

規(guī)則(2):如一定要同時(shí)用兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞,后者的前面必須加“to”或者將后者加入“ing”。

“我愛(ài)游泳”,因此有兩種正確的譯法:
I love to swim.
I love swimming.
以下的句子都是正確的:
I hate to eat fish.
I hate eating fish.
I love to play basketball.
I love playing basketball
I  keep  going  to  church.

規(guī)則(3):主詞如果是第三人稱,現(xiàn)在式及單數(shù),動(dòng)詞必須加s.

我們中國(guó)人最不容易記得的規(guī)則,恐怕就是這一條了,以下的句子都是錯(cuò)的。
* He write very well.
* Jack love playing the violin.
* Mary swim every day.
正確的句子是:
He writes very well.
Jack loves playing the violin.
Mary swims every day.
規(guī)則(4):絕大多數(shù)的否定的句子,不能直接加“not”。

我們中文對(duì)否定語(yǔ)氣,規(guī)則極為簡(jiǎn)單,我們可以說(shuō)“我不愛(ài)你”,但是我們不能說(shuō)
* I not love you.
我們也不能說(shuō):
* I not saw that movie.
* I not like swimming.
* He not likes playing violin.
我們必須用一種助動(dòng)詞來(lái)完成否定的句子,以下才是正確的否定句子:
I do not love you.
I did not see that movie.
He does not like playing violin.
請(qǐng)注意,在以上的句子中,do和did都是助動(dòng)詞,do是現(xiàn)在式,did是過(guò)去式。
關(guān)于現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式,究竟是怎么一回事,以后我們會(huì)解釋清楚的。
助動(dòng)詞不限于“do”和它的變型,can、will、would、shall、may、must等等都是助動(dòng)詞,因此,以下的英文句子又都是對(duì)的:
He can not swim.
They will not go to church tomorrow.
Mary should not go to the party.
I shall not see you.
He may not go out tonight.
He must not eat meat any more.

規(guī)則(5):在不定詞“to”的后面,必須用原形動(dòng)詞

英文中的動(dòng)詞,是會(huì)變化的,以have為例,第一人稱和第三人就不同:
I have a dog.
He has a dog.
如果是過(guò)去式,動(dòng)詞又要變化。have的過(guò)去式是had,不論第幾人稱,一概都要用had。
幾乎每一個(gè)英文動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式都有變化,以下是幾個(gè)例子:
現(xiàn)在式  過(guò)去式
go  went
come  came
eat  ate
play  played
swim  swam
不論那一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,都有一個(gè)原形動(dòng)詞,一切都是從這個(gè)原形動(dòng)詞變出來(lái)的,像go、drink、have、walk、love、like等等都是原形動(dòng)詞。
如果我們有必要要用不定詞to,就必須用原形動(dòng)詞,例如to go、to drink、to have,都是正確的,*to went;*to drank;*to loved等等都是錯(cuò)的。
英文中有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞最為麻煩,那就是am、are、is、was、were等等,翻譯成中文,這都是,而這些動(dòng)詞的來(lái)源都是be,所以我們說(shuō)這些動(dòng)詞都是verb to be。
以下的句子都用上了〝be〞
I want to be a teacher.
He wants to be a good father.
They all love to be rich.
No one likes to be poor.
規(guī)則(6):英文中有所謂的助動(dòng)詞。必須注意

英文中有很多動(dòng)詞都是助詞動(dòng),在規(guī)則(4)中,我們說(shuō)在絕大多數(shù)的否定語(yǔ)句中,必須用助動(dòng)詞do或did。Do是原形動(dòng)詞,did 和does都是do的變形。
除了do是助動(dòng)詞以外,can、may、might、will、would、must也都是助動(dòng)詞。
以上所提到的助動(dòng)詞,都有一個(gè)共同的特色,那就是這些助動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞必須是原形動(dòng)詞,以下的句子都是正確的:
He can swim.
He does not swim.
I do not speak English.
You must walk to work every day.
I did not work yesterday.
You may leave now.
I will go to Taipei tomorrow.
以下的句子都是錯(cuò)的:
* I did not went.
* He does not goes to work.
* You must walked to work.
除了以上的助動(dòng)詞以外,還有一個(gè)非常特殊的助動(dòng)詞,那就是have,在這個(gè)助動(dòng)詞的后面,動(dòng)詞絕對(duì)不能用原形動(dòng)詞,以下是用這個(gè)助動(dòng)詞的例子:
I have been to England.
I have slept all day.
I have studied English since I was a child.
been、slept 和studied都是過(guò)去分詞(past participle),以下的句子也都是現(xiàn)在完成式,我們后討論完成式的時(shí)候,會(huì)將這些解釋清楚的。

規(guī)則(7):英文問(wèn)句要有助動(dòng)詞

我們先看看以下的英文句子,這些都是錯(cuò)的:
* How many books you wrote?
* How many sons you have?
正確的句子是:
Why do you drink so much water?
How many books did you write?
How many sons do you have?
絕大多數(shù)的英文問(wèn)句子是一定要有助動(dòng)詞,以下全是正確的英文問(wèn)句,你可以看出每一句的助動(dòng)詞嗎?
Do you love me?
Did you go to school yesterday?
How many books do you have?
How much money does he have?
Why don’t you go back home?
Do you like to swim?
Can you play violin?
Will you go home tomorrow?
Would you give me a call?
當(dāng)然啦,一旦動(dòng)詞是verb to be,我們又不需要助動(dòng)詞了,以下都是正確的英文問(wèn)句:
Are you a teacher?
Is he a student?
Is Mr. Chang your father?
Were your mother and father in England last year?
規(guī)則(8):特殊動(dòng)詞隨主詞的變化

英文中,有些動(dòng)詞因主詞不同而改變,verb to be是其中之一,因此,我們必須記得以下的規(guī)則:
       第一人稱   第二人稱     第三人稱
現(xiàn)在式  單數(shù)   I am    You are  。℉e,She,It)is
    復(fù)數(shù)  We are  You are     They  are
過(guò)去式  單數(shù)   I was  You were  (He,She,It)was
    復(fù)數(shù)  We were You were    They were

Verb to have也有類似的變化:
       第一人稱   第二人稱      第三人稱
現(xiàn)在式  單數(shù)   I have You have   (He,She,It)has
    復(fù)數(shù)  We have You have     They have
過(guò)去式  單數(shù)   I had  You had  。℉e,She,It)had
    復(fù)數(shù) We had  You had      They had

【練習(xí)一】

以下的句子都有錯(cuò),請(qǐng)將正確的句子寫出來(lái):
1.* I am like my parent.
2.* He is loves his teacher.
3.* He keeps swim every day.
4.* He wants drink a glass of water.
5.* He likes play violin.
6.* Jack do not love mathematics.
7.* Mary hate singing.
8.* My mother cook very good food.
9.* He want me to see him tomorrow.
10.* He not knows my name.
11.* I not like you.
12.* He not like swimming.
13.* You not went home.
14.* I not like swimming.
15.* I wanted to went to my mother’s home.
16.* I do not like to swimming.
17.* I did not ate dinner.
18.* I will not went home.
19.* He did not went home.
20.* You may leaving now.
21.* He can swimming.
22.* He does not goes to work.

 


本文來(lái)自:逍遙右腦記憶 http://www.portlandfoamroofing.com/waiyu/yingyuxuexi/16417.html

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