1. 動名詞的句法功能：動名詞由動詞加ing構(gòu)成，與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動名詞主要起名詞作用，在句中擔(dān)任主語、表語、賓語和定語。
①作主語，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代詞it作為形式主語，而把動名詞后置。
eg. Seeing is believing. (眼見為實(shí))
Saying is easier than doing.
Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (單個動名詞短語作主語時，動詞用單數(shù))
動名詞作主語還有以下兩個習(xí)慣表答法：
It is no use (good) 動名詞：做某事沒有用
Eg. It's no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收)
There is no 動名詞 (= It is impossible to do sth.)
Eg. There is no knowing what may happen.（未來的事無法知道）
②作表語：通常是說明主語的內(nèi)容，注意它與謂語動詞進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別
eg. His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句為SVC結(jié)構(gòu)) 可改為：Collecting stamps is his hobby.
Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是謂語動詞進(jìn)行時，此句為SVO結(jié)構(gòu))
不能改為：Collecting stamps is he.
③作賓語
A. 作及物動詞 的賓語(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss)
eg. 2005年上海卷No.32
He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk _____ the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
答案為B
有些動詞（attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love）后面既可以接不定式作賓語，也可以接動名詞作賓語，意義差別不大。通常認(rèn)為用動名詞泛指一般的傾向性，用不定式則表示特定或具體某一種動作。
Eg. I like swimming but I don't like to swim in winter.
 

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