-ing分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。
、-ing分詞短語作時間狀語,相當于一個時間狀語從句,有時可由連詞when, while引出。如:
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一邊看書,一邊不時地點頭。
Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些畫,他想起了她的童年。
②-ing分詞短語作原因狀語,相當于一個原因狀語從句。如:
Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. 因為不知道他的地址,我不能把這本書送給他。
Many of us, being so excited, couldn’t go to sleep that night. 因為非常激動,那晚我們許多人都沒睡著。
③-ing分詞短語作結果狀語。如:
His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父親死了,留給他許多錢。
She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
她非常生氣,把玩具扔在地上,把它摔成了碎片。
④-ing分詞作伴隨狀語,可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間,表示主語的另一個、較次要的動作。如:
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky. 他們在那兒站了半小時,觀察著天上的星星。
Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.
年輕人跟在老人的后面開始慢慢地走起來。
、-ing分詞間或也可作條件狀語和讓步狀語,相當于一個狀語從句。如:
A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.
一個人如站在大山的腳下會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很渺小。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 盡管知道了一切情況,他們還是要我賠償損失。
注:-ing分詞作狀語時,它的邏輯主語就是整個句子的主語。
⑥“with/without+名詞普通格或代詞賓格+-ing分詞”結構在句中作狀語,表示伴隨情況或時間、原因等。如:
His hair became grey with the years passing. 隨著時間的推移,他的頭發(fā)變花白了。
Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 沒人注意,他從窗戶溜了出去。
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