1. 動詞 advise 與 suggest 的異同
1. 意義
advise 有“勸告”、“建議”之意。但 suggest 除有 advise 之意外,還有“暗示”、“使人想起”、“提出”之意。例如:
The thought of winter suggests skating.(不能換成 advise)
想到冬天人們會聯(lián)想起滑冰。
2. 用法
(1) advice 接復合賓語構成 advise sb. to do,但 suggest 不能。
例如:
I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in future.
我建議你今后不再吃生水果。
(2) advise 和 suggest 都只能接 ing 分詞作賓語,不可接不定式作賓語。例如:
He suggested(= advised) having a meeting on Saturday.
他建議星期六開一場會。
(3) 表示建議時 advise 和 suggest 均接虛擬語氣從句。例如:
He advised/suggested that we (should) have a meeting on Saturday.
但是 suggest 表示“暗示”、“意思是”、“提出”等意時,后接陳述語氣的從句,而 advise則不能。例如:
His smile suggested that he was pleased to take the job.
他的微笑說明了他樂意接受這份工作。
表示“勸說”、“說服”時,advise、try to persuade、persuade sb. to do 和 persuade sb. into doing 依次愈來愈強調結果。
1.10.2. 有關 agree 的用法
1. agree to
(1) to 為介詞。agree to 表示“應許”、“同意”。指同意某一看法、計劃、安排、建議等。例如:
I cannot agree to the terms of this contract.
我不贊同合同里的條款。
(2) to 為動詞不定式的符號。agree to 表示“同意做”、“答應做”,后接動詞原形。例如:
I’m sorry to say I don’t agree to cooperate with you.
很遺憾,恐怕我不能同意與你合作。
agree to do 可以轉化為 agree 加賓語從句。例如:
I agreed to leave at once. = I agreed that I would leave at once.
2. agree with
(1) with 后接指人的名詞或代詞作賓語,表示“同意”。例如:
They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like.
他們互不同意,因為每個人都相信自己知道的正是那頭獸的樣子。
(2) with 后接“某人所說的話”,表示“同意”。例如:
He didn’t agree with what I said. 他不同意我所說的。
此時 agree with = agree to。例如:
I agree to what you say. 我同意你所講的話。
(3) 構成 A agree with B 的句式,表示“對……適合”、“與……一致”、“與……協(xié)調”。例如:
Its ideas did not agree with what was written in the Bible.
它(指《物種起源》)的觀點與《圣經(jīng)》上寫的不相符。
3. agree on/upon 指雙方或多方就某事取得一致意見。例如:
Wallace and Darwin agreed on the way in which different forms of life had begun.
華萊士和達爾文對不同類型的生物是如何起源的持相同的觀點。
指雙方或多方就某一具體內容一致時,還可用agree about.
They disagreed about some of the views in the book.
他們對書中的某些觀點意見不一致。
1.10.3. bring,take,fetch,carry 的區(qū)別
1. bring 表示向說話人的方向運動,意思是“拿來”、“帶來”、“取來”。例如:
I have brought my umbrella with me today.
當說話人和聽話人在不同地點時,bring 所指的運動方向,既可朝向說話人,又可朝向聽話人,甚至是將去的地方或曾經(jīng)去過的地方。例如:
Come to the theatre with us tonight, and bring Mary.
今晚和我們一起去看戲,把瑪麗也帶上。
2. take 表示向其他方向運動或離開說話人,意思是“帶走”、“拿去”。例如:
She took 50 dollars to the supermarket and brought home a lot of groceries. 她從家里帶去了 50 美元,從超級市場購來許多食品。
3. fetch 和 get 可以互換使用,指去某地取東西返回出發(fā)地點,表示“去帶來”、“去取來”、“去拿來”。get 比 fetch 更常用。例如:
He is seriously ill. We must fetch a doctor at once.
4. carry 表示“隨身攜帶”人或物,并不說明固定的方向。例如:
He is very strong. He can carry such a heavy box up.
他非常壯,他能將一個極重的箱子扛起來。
1.10.4. 有關 catch 的用法
1. 作“抓住”解。例如:
They caught an enemy soldier alive.
他們活捉了一個敵兵。
注意:表“抓住某部位”多用 catch sb. by the +部位。例如:
I caught him by the arm.
2. catch on(鉤住、絆住)。例如:
My sleeve caught on a nail. = My sleeve got caught on a nail.
我的衣袖被釘子掛往了。
3. catch in/by(阻隔),常用于被動語態(tài)中。例如:
I was caught in the heavy rain.
我被阻在雨中。
4. 作“感染(病)”解。例如:
He has caught a cold/a fever.
他感冒了/他發(fā)燒了。
5. 作“著(火)”解。例如:
The house caught fire.
6. 作“(偶然/突然)撞見、發(fā)覺”解,多接 ing 分詞,作賓語補足語或主語補足語。例如:
Don’t let me catch you at it again.
別讓我再撞見你干這種事。
The policeman caught Soapy stealing the money from the old lady.
那個警察撞見了蘇比在偷那位老太太的錢。
7. 作“趕上”解。例如:
與 miss 對立。如:catch the train.
catch up with him = catch him up。
1.10.5. 表示“導致”、“引起”的詞
1. cause
cause 常接帶 to 不定式作賓語補足語。例如:
What causes an apple to fall to the ground?
使蘋果落地的原因何在?
2. lead to
He began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics. 他開始研究,這些研究使他在物理方面有了新發(fā)現(xiàn)。
3. bring about
Electricity can bring about chemical change.
電可以引起化學變化。
4. result in
His carelessness resulted in a serious accident.
他的粗枝大葉導致了一場重大事故。
5. set off
If you can set him off on his pet subject, he will go on for hours.
如果你能引他談起他最得意的話題,他會一口氣扯上幾個鐘頭。
1.10.6. 有關 come 的短語
1. come after 繼;跟著……來;來找;為追求……而來,來取。例如:
July comes after June.
六月以后是七月。
I came after the axe.
我來找斧子。
2. come along(= come on) 一起走;進展;快點。例如:
Come along with us, if you like.
如果你喜歡就跟我們來。
How are you coming along with your preparation for the examination?
你考試的準備做得怎樣了?
Come along, it’s nearly twelve o’clock.
趕快,快十二點了。
3. come at 到達,襲擊。例如:
He came at me like a tiger.
他像老虎一般地向我沖過來。
4. come by 獲得;打旁邊過去
5. come down 下來;下跌;減少;流傳下來;敗落;生(病)
6. come into 進入;參加;贊同;得到;繼承。例如:
The tree has come into blossom.
樹已開花。
7. come to 結果是;總計……,達;蘇醒;復原。例如:
It comes to the same thing.
結果是一樣的。
The amounts you have spent will come to a large sum.
你所花去的錢將是一個大數(shù)目。
He has come to himself.
他已經(jīng)蘇醒過來了。
8. come in 進來;有用;流行起來。例如:
The present style of dress came in about three years ago.
目前時興的這種服裝樣式是大約三年前開始的。
9. come out 出來;(花)開;出版。如:
I think the roses will come out next week.
我想這些玫瑰下個星期就會開花。
10. come up 走過來;走近;發(fā)芽;長出。例如:
The seeds I sowed last week haven’t come up yet.
我上星期播下的種子還沒有發(fā)芽呢!
11. come on/upon = come across(偶然)遇見
1.10.7. 有關“看待”的幾種常見表達法
1. consider… (as)… 認為……是。例如:
Most people considered him a fool.
多數(shù)人認為他是傻瓜。
2. treat… as… 將……當作……來看待。例如:
They should not be treated only as amusements.
不能把它們單純看成是娛樂。
3. regard…as… 把……看成……。例如:
Today, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents.
今天,亞伯拉罕•林肯仍被認為是美國歷史上最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一。
4. look on/upon… as… 把……看成……。例如:
They looked upon him as a leader.
他們視他為領導。
5. think of… as… 把……認為是……。例如:
The general thought of himself as a common soldier.
那位將軍把他自己看成一普通士兵。
6. take… as認為。例如:
We took the problem as settled.
我們認為問題已經(jīng)解決了。
7. see… as 把……看作……。例如:
I simply can’t see him as a cheat.
我實在不能想象他可能是個騙子。
類似表示“看待”的搭配還有:
refer to… as 把……稱為……;accept… as 接受……為……
use…as 把……用作……;look up to sb. as 把某人尊為……
remember… as 把……作為……懷念;count… as 認為
1.10.8. 表示“處理”的幾種表達法
1. do with:其中 do 是及物動詞。例如:
In some places, people do little with the smoke.
在一些地方人們幾乎沒怎么處理那些煙塵。
上句就 little 提問則有:What do people do with the smoke in some places? 所以,實際上表示“處理”的是 do sth. with。
2. deal with 表“處理”時,deal 為不及物動詞。deal with 還可表示“對付;交往;談論;交易”。例如:
He has dealt with the problem well.
他已經(jīng)把這個問題處理好了。
上句就 well 提問則有:How has he dealt with the problem? 他是怎樣處理問題的?
3. settle 表示“處理”,有“最后的決定或裁決”之意。
The question/problem is finally settled.
問題最終解決了。
4. treat 表示“處理”主要指醫(yī)生的“治療”。例如:
Which doctor is treating your disease?
哪位大夫給你治病?
5. manage 表示“處理”具體事情。有“對付”和“設法做好”之意。例如:
She manages the money very well.
她將錢用得很妥當。
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